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专升本英语科目

题型及考情分析

考试题型表如下:

题型

内容

题数

每题分值

总共分值

选择题

语音

1-5

1分

5分

选择题

词汇与语法

6-20

1分

15分

选择题

完型填空

21-35

2分

30分

选择题

阅读理解

36-55

3分

60分

选择题

补全对话

56-60

3分

15分

写作题

书面表达

61

25分

25分

总计

 

61

 

150分

英语科目是大部分考生觉得非常头疼的一门。基础薄弱,单词量不足的大有人在。英语科目总分150,选择题共125分,占了83%。但是英语又是相对来说比较好拿分的一个科目。因为选择题多,即使不会做,考试选择题做满,不要空题,按照概率也能拿到30-40分。那么最重要的就是把控英语作文了,是拉分关键,根据对历史试卷分析,历年来大部分英语作文考的是写信,词数量是80-100个单词,学员只需要按我们教学指定的模板进行背诵,即可拿下15分以上,综上所述,英语零基础保守能拿到50分以上,下面开始跟着我们学习。


第一部分语 音

 

语音部分总共是5题,共5分。注意平时多读多背,把常见的元音,辅音的发音规则掌握了就没什么问题。本题占试卷比重不多,一般靠运气选择情况都能得2分。通过跟老师认真学习的同学就能得3-4分左右。

 

考点1:语音

开音节

1. 以不发音的元音字母e结尾。例如: mike, same,gate

2. 以辅音+发音的元音字母结尾。例如:she, me, so

开音节的读音规则:元音字母在开音节中一般读它的字母音。

 

闭音节

以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而又只包含一个元音字母的音节称为闭音节,如:at, but, am, back等。

闭音节的读音规则:元音字母在闭音节中读所规定的短元音。

a/ae/      e/e/        i(y)/i/        o/ɔ/      u/ʌ/或/u/

 

元音字母的读音

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

1) a读作/ə/

    again /əˈgen/ago/əˈgəʊ/              vacation /vəˈkeɪʃn/

    woman/ˈwʊmən/        breakfast/ˈbrekfəs/

a+辅音字母+无声字母e,读/i/

village/ˈvɪlɪdʒ / comrade/ˈkɔmreɪd/        palace/ˈpælis/

2) e读作 /ə/或 /i/

    excellent /ˈeksələnt/ silent/ˈsailənt/          open/ˈəʊpən/

exam/igˈzæm/ sentence/ˈsentəns/ problem/ˈprɔbləm/

decide/diˈsaid/

e在前缀和后缀中读/i/

    behind/biˈhaind/ wanted/ˈwɔntid/ actress/ˈæktris/

    exam/igˈzæm/ decide/diˈsaiɪd/ repeat/riˈpi:t/

3) i(y)读作/i/或/ai/

lily /ˈlili/ city/ˈsiti/ satisfy/ˈsætisfai/  

4)o读作/ə/或/ɔ/

bottom/ˈbɔtəm/ common/ˈkɔmən/ second/ˈsekənd/  

 

o在词尾的非重读音节中常读/əu/

radio/ˈreidiəʊ/ potato /pəˈteitəʊ/ piano/piˈænəʊ/     

5)u读作/ə/,/ju/

autumn /ˈɔ:təm/ support/səˈpɔ:t/ occupy/ˈɒkjupaɪ/

 

其他常见字母组合在非重读音节中的读音

-tion ,-sion ,-ssion读作/ʃn/或/ʃən/

production/prəˈdʌkʃn/ section/ˈsekʃn/ nation/ˈneiʃn/

version/ˈvə:ʃn/ impression/imˈpreʃn/

 

常见元音字母组合的读音

ar读作 /ɑ:/  如:  car/kɑː/  hard/hɑːd/  park/pɑːk/

or读作/ɔ:/  如:  horse/hɔ:s/  sport/spɔ:t/  north/nɔ:θ/

er,ir,ur均读作/ ə:/  如:  term/tə:m/  shirt/ʃə:t/  burn/bə:n/

ee读作/i:/  如:   feel/fi:l/  sleep/sli:p/  see/si:/

ea  读作/i:/  如:  meat/mi:t/  peace/pi:s/  clean/kli:n/

ei,ie读作/i:/  如:  field/fi:ld/  deceive/diˈsi:v/  piece/pi:s/

ear  读作/iə/或 /ɛə/

(/iə/  tear /tiə/  hear/hiə(r)/  year/jiə(r)/)

( /ɛə/  wear/weə(r)/  bear/beə(r)/   pear/peə(r)/   )

ear后有辅音时读作:/ ɜ:/   (learn/lɜ:n/  early/ˈɜ:li]/)

ew, eu读作:/ju:/  new/nju:/   few/fju:/

feudal/ˈfju:dl/  neutral/ˈnju:trəl/

au , augh, aw读作/ɔ:/  cause/kɔ:z/   daughter/ˈdɔ:tə(r)/  saw/sɔ:/

ig,  igh  读作 /ai/  bright/brait/   high/hai/  sign/sain/

 ai , ay读作 /ei/  play/plei/  way/wei/  main/mein/

ind  读作/aind/  mind/maind/  kind/kaind/  find/faind/

ou读作/au/或 /ʌ/  house/haʊs/  about/əˈbaʊt/  sound/saʊnd/

al读作/ɔ:/   或 /ɔ:l/  talk/tɔ:k/  walk/wɔ:k/  ball/bɔ:l/

oi, oy  读作/ɔi/  voice/vɔis/  point/pɔint/  joy/dʒɔi/

ia , ie, io读作/aiə/  dialogue/'daiəlɒɡ/  quiet/ˈkwaiət/  violence/ˈvaiələns/

oo读作/u:/,有时也读作/u/  food/fu:d/  school/sku:l/  good/gʊd/

oo后面为K时,读作/u/  book/bʊk/  look/lʊk/

oor,  oar读作 /ɔ:/  board/bɔ:d/  floor/flɔ:(r)/  door/dɔ:(r)/

oa读作 /əu/  road/rəʊd/  coat/kəʊt/  load/ləʊd/

ow读作 /au/或 /əu/  know/nəʊ/  grow/grəʊ/  now/naʊ/

our读作 /ɔ:/或 /auə/  pour/pɔ:(r)/  course/kɔ:s/  our/aʊə /

ough读作  /ɔ:/  bought/bɔ:t/  thought/θɔ:t/

owe读作/auə/ flower/ˈflaʊə(r)/  power/ˈpaʊə(r)/  tower/ˈtaʊə(r)/


 

字母在单词中不发音的规则,一般有下列14条:

1.字母b在字母t之前

如:debt [det](欠债)

2.字母b在字母m之后

如:comb [kəʊm](梳子)

3.字母c在字母s之后

如:muscle [ˈmʌsl](肌肉)

4.字母d在词尾-dge中

如:bridge [brɪdʒ](桥)

5.字母g在字母n之前

如:sign [sain](标记)

6.字母gh在t之前

如:fight [fait](打)

7.字母h在r之后

如:rhythem ['rɪðəm] (节奏)

8.字母h在词首ex-之后

如:exhibition [eksi'bi∫n](展览会)

9.字母h在词首gh中

如:ghost [gəʊst](鬼)

10.字母k在字母n之前

如:knee [ni:](膝)

11.字母l在-alf,-alk,-alm,-ould中

如:talk [tɔ:k](谈话)

half [ha:f](一半)

calm [ka:m](平静)

could [kud](能)

12.字母n在词尾-mn中

如:autumn [ˈɔ:təm](秋天)

13.字母t在词尾-sten,-stlet和-ften中

如:listen [' lisn](听)

castle ['ka:sl](城堡)

soften [ˈsɒfn](软化)

14.字母w在字母r之前

如:wrong [rɒŋ](错)


历年真题:

考查元音字母在单词中的发音

1. A.penalty       B.moment C.quarrel         D.absent (  A  )

2. A.sympathy      B.material C.courage       D.analysis (  C  )

3. A.vital          B.silent C.collide         D.fierce (  D  )

4. A.uncle      B.product C.rural        D.ugly      (  C  )

5. A.actress        B.business      C.excess           D.endless        (  C  )

6. A.land           B.lamb          C.father           D.ladder         (  C  )

 

考查元音字母组合在单词中的发音

1. A. taught       B.caught       C.laugh          D.fault    (  C  )

2. A. measure       B.deadline      C.heat      D.feather   (  C  )

3. A.sweat          B.please        C.beat              D.meat          (  A  )

4. A.rescue         B.league        C.pursue            D.argue         (  B  )

 

考查辅音字母在单词中的发音

1. A.revise     B.consist C. advertise      D.visit     (  B  )

2. A. reception     B.receipt C.capture      D.concept    (  B  )

3. A.combination    B.climbing       C.bamboo            D.ambition      (  B )

 

考查其他字母组合的发音

1. A. donkey      B.turkeyC.money       D.obey   (  D  )

2. A.starvationB.suggestionC.satisfactionD.situation(  B  )

3. A.slow           B.shower C.flower       D.how    (  A  )

4. A.captain        B.sustain      C.contain           D.retain        (  A  )

5. A.challenge      B.cheap         C.choose            D.character     (  D  )


第二部分词汇与语法

 

词汇与语法部分,总共15小题,每题1分,共15分.如果能掌握以下这些主要内容,至少能得6-8分。在平时学习过程中,要注意多积累相关词汇和语法的使用。

 

考点1:名词

一、名词的意义和分类

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词,如:desk, computer, sky, pen等

名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词是指具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称,如China, New York等。

普通名词是指表示某类人或某类事物的名称。普通名词又分为:

 

二、名词的数

(一)名词分两类:

1.可数名词(countable  noun)能用数目计算的事物和概念的名词

  如:desk       book          computer          apple

2.不可数名词(uncountable noun)不能用数目计算的事物或者抽象概念的名词

  water          rain          sunshine          coffee

(二)可数名词有单数和复数之分:

apple-apples

pencil-pencils

tomato-tomatoes

不可数名词,无复数,只用单数表示

salt-salt

coffee-coffee

water-water

(三)名词变复数的规则:

1.一般末尾加上后缀-s

    girl-girls         friend-friends

2.以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后缀-es

bus→buses  quiz→quizzes(小型考试)fox→foxes

match→matches  flash→flashes

3.辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变为i,再加-es

candy-candies factory-factories

4.以-o结尾的名词,加-es

tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes       potato-potatoes

但是,如果-o结尾的这个名词是属于外来词,则直接加-s

photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios

5.以f或fe 结尾的名词,一般要把“f ”或者”fe”变v,再加-es

life-lives leaf-leaves wife-wives

6.少数不规则的名词变化形式

man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth

(四)可数名词前可加a(an)或量词

apple-an   apple- apples-a   box  of  apples

tomato-a     tomato-tomatoes-a   bag  of  tomatoes

不可数名词前不可加a(an),没有复数,但前面可以加量词

coffee-a   cup  of  coffee

英语中常用”of“词组来表示数量。of 前面表示数量的名词,根据情况用单数或者复数。of 后面如是不可数名词,用单数;如是可数名词,用复数

a  cup  of  tea                      two  glasses  of  milk

three  basket of  apples               one  box  of  eggs


 

考点2:冠词

(一)不定冠词

不定冠词有两种形式:a 和 an

a 用于辅音(不一定是辅音字母)开头的名词前,如:a teacher/university/house

an 用于元音(不一定是元音字母)开头的名词前,如:an apple/hour/egg/orange

 

不定冠词的用法:

1.表示某类人或事物当中的一个,如:

Her brother is a college student.

2.表示数量:即表示数量“一”,如:

A year is divided into twelve months.

3.表示同一性,说明事物的同一特征,大小,程度或性质。如:

This hat and that one are of a shape.

4.指事物的单位,相当于every  any, 如:

She kept on writing to her parents once a month.

 

不定冠词的常见词组搭配:

a lot of ;  a good many ; as a result; as a matter of fact

 

定冠词the 的常见用法:

1. 特指某人或某物时

(1)特指上文已提过的人或物。

如:He came across an old friend in a shop. The friend was now a general manager.

(2)特指双方都知道的人或物。

如:Did you park the car at the corner?

(3) 特指形容词最高级、比较级所修饰的某个确定的人或物。

如:He chose the bigger orange, but she chose the smallest one.

2.世界上独一无二的名词及乐器名词前。

如:The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.

Do you like to play the piano or the violin?

3. the +形容词,表示一类人或物。

如:the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the sick.

如:He stole from the rich to give to the poor.

4. the +姓氏s,表示一家人或一对夫妇。

如:the Greens, the  Smiths ,the Zhangs, the Curies(居里夫妇).

 

零冠词的用法:

1.用在学科、球类运动或游戏名称前:

English is learned in most high school.

They enjoy playing basketball in the afternoon.

The old are playing chess under the tree.

 

2.一日三餐前(但如其前后有形容词或从句、短语修饰时,应加冠词)

We usually go to school after breakfast at seven.

(比较:How do you like the dinner Mr.Jack prepared?)

3.星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前(但月份、季节等词前后如有限制性定语修饰表示特定时间时,其前加the)

Today is Wednesday.

October 1 is National Day.

 

考点3:代词

代词:代替人或事物的名词

人称代词:

 

主格代词:I, he, she,it,you,we,they

1. I am a teacher.

2.He is a teacher.

3.You are teachers.

 

宾格代词:me,him,her,it,you,us,them(放在动词后面做宾语)

1.He likes me.

2.We like her.

3.I like them.

 

反身代词:

单数形式:myself,  yourself,   herself, himself,    itself

复数形式:yourselves,ourselves, themselves

反身代词用法:

1. Please help yourself to some fish .(宾语)

2.We enjoyed ourselves last night.(宾语)

3.The thing itself is not important.(同位语)

 

指示代词:

标识人或事物的代词。用来代替前面已经提到过的名词。

this(these)                 that(those)

This is my book.

Those books  were his.

不定代词:

指代不确认的人或事物

 

常用的指示代词:

one, the other, some, any,  something, nothing.

No one knows where he is.

Some of the boys want to go to Shanghai, but the others want to go to xi'an.

Each of the students has got a book.

 

考点4:数词

一、基数词:表示数目多少的词

1、基数词的构成

0-12的基数词都有独立的单词:

0-zero 1-one 2-two 3-three 4-four 5-five   6-six        7-seven8-eight 9-nine 10-ten 11-eleven 12-twelve

13-19的基数词以“后缀-teen”结尾

13-19  thirteen   fourteen  fifteen  sixteen  seventeen  eighteen  nineteen

注意有三个数的变化不太规则。分别是13,15,18。13 thirteen  15 fifteen  18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。

20—90十位的整数都以-ty结尾。20-90  twenty  thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety

有五个数的变化不太规则。分别是20,30,40,50,80。 20 twenty  30 thirty  40 forty   50 fifty 80 eighty的拼写较特殊。

几十几的情况,先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。21-99  (几十)+“——”+(几)23:twenty-three  34:thirty-four  91:ninety-one

几百几十几的情况,先说“几百”,注意“百”不能加s,百与十中间用and连接。hundred是“百”,在表示一个具体的数目时,hundred后面不能加“-s”,也不能加of。几百几十  586 five hundred and eighty-six   803 eight hundred and three

l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand. ['θauzənd],第二个“,”前为million ['miljən]第三个“,”前为billion ['biljən](美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。

如:750,000   seven hundred and fifty thousand

16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four

 

2、基数词的读法

(1)两位数的读法,在十位数与个位数之间加连字符 “-”。

如:28 twenty-eight   96 ninety-six

 

(2)三位数的读法,在百位之后加and。

如:148 one hundred and forty-eight   406 four hundred and six

 

3、基数词的用法

(1)表示时间 、时刻

英语中时间是用基数词来表示的,最常见的形式有两种:

1)先点钟,后分钟。如:6:30 six thirty  7:52 seven fifty-two   8:00 eight o’clock。

2)先分钟,后点钟。表示“分钟数不超半小时”,用“分钟数 + past + 钟点数”表示;表示“分钟数超过半小时”,用“(60-分钟数)+to+下一个钟点数”表示,即“差几分到几点”。

如:5:25 twenty-five past five   10:43 seventeen to eleven

 

注意:表示“整点”,直接用“钟点数(+o'clock)”表示。“半点钟”用half,“一刻钟”用a quarter

如:06:00 six(o'clock)

10:30 half past ten

04:45 a quarter to five

07:15 a quarter past seven

 

(2)基数词表示年龄

年龄可以用下列结构表示。

如:How old are you?你多大了?

I’m ten years old. 我十岁了。

 

二、序数词:表示顺序的词

1、基数词-序数词

1-one-first         2-two-second 3-three-third        

4-four-fourth 5-five-fifth 6-six-sixth         

7-seven-seventh     8-eight-eighth 9-nine-ninth       

10-the-tenth        11-eleven-eleventh 12-twelve-twelfth    

13-thirteen-thirteenth 14-fourteen-fourteenth 15-fifteen-fifteenth   16-sixteen-sixteenth 17-seventeen-seventeenth 18-eighteen-eighteenth    19-nineteen-nineteenth 20-twenty-twentieth 30-thirty-thirtieth

40-forty-fortieth 50-fifty-fiftieth 60-sixty-sixtieth

70-seventy-seventieth 80-eighty-eightieth 90-ninety-ninetieth

2、序数词的用法:

(1)The first is better than the second.

第一个比第二个要好.

(2)Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.

杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室.

(3)The first question I'd ask is how you knew him?

我的第一个问题是你怎样认识他的?

3、在年月日中的表达:

7月1日:

写作:July 1st 或July 1

读作: July (the) first 或 the first of July

 

1998年3月1日:

写作:March 1st,1998或 March 1

读作:March (the) first, nineteen ninety-eight

 

考点5:介词

了解一些常用介词的基本意思和用法,注意介词和其他词,特别是动词、形容词和名词的固定搭配。

介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。

常用介词

1. 表示地点位置的介词

(1)at,  in,  on,  to

at表示在小地方,“在......附近,旁边”

in 表示在大地方,“在......范围之内”

on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在......上面”

to表示“在......范围外”,不强调是否接壤;“到......”

e,g

The meeting was held at the hotel.  (会议在宾馆举行)

Taiwan is in the southeast of China. (台湾位于中国的东南部) (范围之内)

Japan is to the east of China. (日本在中国的东边)(范围之外,不接壤)

     Korea is on the east of China.(朝鲜毗邻中国的东边)   (毗邻,接壤)

(2)above, over, on 在......上面

above 指在......上方,不强调是否垂直,与below 相对

over 指垂直的上方,与under相对

on 表示在某物体上面,并与之接触

The plane is flying above the tree. 飞机从树上飞过。

There is a bridge over the river.  河上有一座桥。

He put his computer on the table.  他把电脑放在桌上。

(3)below, under 在......下面

under 表示“在.......正下方”

below 表示“在......下”,但不一定在正下方

She hide herself under the table.她躲在桌子底下

Please write the answer below the questions.请把答案写在问题的下面。

 

2. 表示时间的介词

(1)在......时

In 表示较长的时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如:in the 19th century, in the 1840s. in winter, in February, in the evening, in one’s life等

On 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如:on ,March 12th, on Tuesday, on Christmas’Eve, on a warm morning in Friday等

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

At 4:30, at the time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of..., at the age of,at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。

(2)in, after 在......之后

“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;

“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;但“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

(3)from, since 自从......

From 仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

 

3. 表示运动方向的介词

across, through 通过,穿过

across 表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on 有关;

through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in 有关。

4. 表示“在......之间”的介词:between 和 among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。   

5. 表示方法、手段、工具的介词

by 以......方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具

With 表示用.......工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段

In 表示用......方式,用......语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

6. 表示“除了”的介词

except 除......之外,不包括在内;

Besides 除......之外,包括在内。

 

7.  介词与其他词类的搭配:

(1)动词和介词

look at 看 join in / take part in 参加 go on with继续

depend on 依靠 think about 思考 carry on 实行,执行

(2)形容词、过去分词和介词

be careful of 注意 be sure of 确信 be fond of 喜欢

be good at 善于 be satisfied with 喜欢 be busy with 忙于

 


 

考点6:连词

连词的定义:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词,叫连词。

一、表示并列关系的连词

(1)and 表示“和,并且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的词和词、短语和短语、句子和句子,

(2)both...and... 既......也......,(两者)都......,构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

(3)neither...nor...既不......也不......,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持人称和数的一致,即采取就近原则。

(4)not only... but also...不但......而且......,连接两个主语时,句子的谓语动词也要遵循就近原则。

 

二、表示转折关系的连词

表示转折关系的连词主要有:but, however, yet, still, while等

Mr.Smith is ill, but he still goes to work every day.

虽然史密斯先生生病了,但他还是坚持每天上班。

Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.

汤姆起的很早,但是还是没赶上火车。

 

三、表示选择关系的并列连词

(1)or 表示“或”的意思,用于两者之中选择一个。

(2)祈使句后连接or,表示“否则......”,有转折的意思,此时or=if you don’t,you’ll...

Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

(3)either...or...或者......或者......,不是......就业......,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持人称和数的一致。

 

四、引导条件状语从句的从属连词

If (如果), unless(除非,如果不)等

五、引导原因状语从句的从属连词

Because, as, since等

六、引导让步状语从句的从属连词

although/though (虽然,尽管), even though/ even if (即使) 等

七、引导目的状语从句的从属连词

So that (结果是) 和 in order that/to (以便,为了)等。

八、引导比较状语从句的从属连词

as...as...(与......一样), not as/so...as...(不及,赶不上)和than(比)等。

 


 

考点7:形容词

1、形容词通常形容人或事物的状态、性质、大小等。通常用在名词前,动词后。

beautiful-a beautiful girl

The  girl is beautiful.

2、The +形容词=复数名词,表示“一类”,后面的动词使用复数

old-the old

young-the young

The old need more care.

需要注意的是:

形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。但当名词被something,anything,nothing 等不定代词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。

I have something important to tell you.

我有重要的事要告诉你。

 

3、形容词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级

(1)规则变化:

1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。

great (原级)    greater (比较级)     reatest (最高级)

clean (原级)     cleaner(比较级)   cleanest(最高级)

2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。

wide (原级)     wider  (比较级)      widest  (最高级)

close(原级)     closer(比较级)   closest(最高级)

3) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.

happy (原形)     happier (比较级)      happiest (最高级)

lucky (原形)        luckier (比较级)        luckiest (最高级)

4) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。

big (原级)     bigger (比较级)       biggest (最高级)

hot (原级)       hotter (比较级)        hottest (最高级)

5) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。

beautiful (原级) more beautiful (比较级) most beautiful (最高级)

difficult (原级) more difficult (比较级) most difficult (最高级)

 

(2)口诀记忆:

原级变成比较级,er结尾要牢记;一般情况直接加,单辅重闭双写加;辅音加y变i加,以e结尾去e加;少数部分双音节,规则如同单音词。其余双音多音节,词前加more就可以;不规则词没几个,它们需要特殊记。

 

(3)不规则变化:

原级比较级最高级

ill -worse -worst

bad -worse -worst

many - more -most

much -more - most

good/well -better - best

far -farther -farthest

old/elder -older -eldest/oldest

little -less -least

(4)形容词比较级的用法:

1)形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,基本结构:含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句

It is warmer today than it was yesterday.

今天的天气比昨天暖和。

2)形容词或副词的比较级,表示“比较......”

He is taller than his brother.

他比弟弟高。

3)表示强度相等时,在形容词原级之前和之后分别用as,即as...as...,表示肯定意义。表示“不及某程度”时,用not as/so...

The knife is as sharp as that one.

(5)形容词最高级的用法:

形容词用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,基本结构:主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句(常与表示范围的in,of短语连用)

She is the best student in her class.

她是班上最好的学生。


 

考点8:副词

副词是表示行为状态特征的词,在句子中属于修饰性词类.

副词的分类:

分类

例词

时间副词

yesterday, now, later, just, already

地点副词

here, there, home, above, back

方式副词

loudly, gently, quietly, politely, carefully

程度副词

quite, rather, pretty, greatly, much

频度副词

often, never, always, once

疑问副词

when, where, how, why

 

考点9:动词                                                                                                       

 一、动词的分类

根据词义和其在句中的作用,动词可分为实义动词(及物动词、不及物动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

种类

例词

及物动词

buy, catch, invent, like, offer, reach

不及物动词

appear, go, get, look, prove, remain

连系动词

be,become,grow, turn, fall, get, run,feel, look, sound, smell, taste

助动词

have, had, has, do, did, shall, will

情态动词

might, may, should, shall, could, can, must, will

1.  及物动词和不及物动词的区别:

及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词。

后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。

2. 连系动词

有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也发生变化:look(看——看起来),feel(感觉——感到),smell(闻——闻起来), taste(尝——尝起来),turn(翻转——变得),grow(生长——变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。

Grass turned green when spring comes.

春天到了,小草变绿了。

3. 助动词

(1)常见的助动词有:

用于进行时和被动语态的be(am, is, are, was, were, been, being);

用于完成时的have(has, had, having);

用于将来时的shall(should); will(would)

用于一般时的do(does, did)

(2)助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数不同而采用不同的形式。

Smoking is forbidden in the reading room.  

阅览室禁止吸烟。

4. 情态动词

常见的情态动词有:can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will(would), need等。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。

shall we go to have a picnic this Friday ?

这周五我们去野餐怎么样?

Will you teach me how to dance ?

你能教我如何跳舞吗?

二、动词的基本形式

动词有四种基本形式:动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。按照动词各种形式的构成方法,动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词一般是在动词原形后面加词尾—ed构成,现在分词则在词尾加—ing。具体参考下面的规则动词变化表:

 

 

规则变化

原形动词结尾情况

现在时单

三人称

现在

分词

过去式和过去分词

一般情况

+s

+ing

+ed

s, x, ch, sh,o 结尾

+es

+ing

+ed

辅音字母+y 结尾

y--i, es

+ing

y-i , +ed

重读闭音节一元一辅结尾

+s

双写辅音字母,+ing

双写辅音字母,+ed

不发音的e结尾

+s

去掉e,+ing

+d

Ie结尾

+s

ie-y,+ing

+d

不规则变化

have-has;be-is

见不规则动词变化表

 

注意:

加ing 或 ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。


2.不规则动词变化表:(原形-过去式-过去分词)

现在式

过去式

过去分词

be(am, is )

was

been

be(are)

were

been

become

became

become

begin

began

begun

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

build

built

built

buy

bought

bought

do

did

done

eat

ate

eaten

 

三、动词的时态

1. 一般现在时

一般现在时由“主语+do/does”构成。表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。

用法:

(1)用于叙述现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month...等)

They go to the supermarket every day.

他们每天都去超市

They usually read newspaper in the morning.

他们经常早晨看报纸。

(2)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态,句子里一般不用时间状语。

The earth moves round the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

(3)表示计划、安排好的将来动作,也可用一般现在时(限于go/come/leave/start/begin/arrive)

The plane for Shenzhen leaves at 10:00 o’clock in the evening.

飞往深圳的飞机将在晚上十点起飞。

(1)表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。

They speak English very well.

他们英语说的很好。

(2)表示现阶段存在的状态、特征或心理活动。

I like fruits.

我喜欢水果。

(3)在时间、条件状语从剧中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I will write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.

我一到上海就给你写信。

(4)表示“(书、信、报纸、通知、告示牌、广播等)说,报道”,用一般现在时,主要是动词say.

The radio says heavy rain in the afternoon.

广播预计下午有大雨。

 

2. 一般过去时

(1)一般过去时用来表示在过去某一特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态,或指过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。一般过去时的时间状语常见的有:yesterday, last week, a long time,ago, once upon a time, then, at that time, the other day等。

John spoilt the milk yesterday and hurt himself.

约翰昨天打翻了牛奶,伤着了自己。

(2)有些句子没有指明动作发生的具体时间,但实际上动作是在过去发生的,句子应当用过去时态。

I didn’t expect to meet you here.

我没有想到会在这儿碰到你。

 

3. 一般将来时

一般将来时由“主语+shall/will+动词原形”构成,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next week, in a few minutes, in the future等表示将来的时间状语连用。

They will meet you outside the theatre at 7:00 tomorrow morning.

明天早上7点钟他们将在剧院外面和你见面。

其他几种用于表示将来时态的结构有:

(1)be going to+动词原形:表示意图、打算和已有客观迹象表明将要发生的情况。

We are going to have an English evening next Monday.

我们下周一将举办个英语之夜晚会。

(2)be to+动词原形:表示按计划、安排、决定将要发生的动作。

The sports meeting is to be held tomorrow afternoon.

运动会将在明天下午举行。

(3)be about to+动词原形:表示即将发生的动作,句中不可用表示未来时间的状语。

Hurry! The train is about to leave.

快点!火车马上要开了。

 

4. 过去将来时

(1)由“主语+should/would+动词原形“构成,表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用在宾语从句中。

He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning.

他说会议将在今天早上9点半开始。

(2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为,只用would.

Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.

不管何时我们遇到麻烦,他都会来帮我们。

5. 现在进行时

现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+doing”构成。

用法:

(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。

(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但此刻并不一定在进行。

I am studying English in the university.

我目前在大学里学英语。

(3)与频度副词always, constantly, continuously等连用,表示某种强烈的感情。

He is always asking the same question.

他老是问同一个问题。(表示不满)

6. 过去进行时

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

I was watching TV at 7o’clock yesterday evening.

昨天晚上7点时我正在看电视。

(2)用while 或 at the time等强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。

While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner.

我在花园里工作,我妻子在做饭。

(3)come, go, leave, get, reach, start, arrive等一些表示趋向动作的动词用作过去进行时,表示按计划、安排在过去看来将要发生的动作。

He told me that he was leaving for Shanghai soon.

他告诉我他很快就要动身去上海。

 

7. 将来进行时

表示在现在看来将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,构成形式是shall/will be doing,具有一般将来时和现在进行时两者的特点。

Next Wednesday we’ll be flying to Sydney.

下周三我们将飞往悉尼。

 

8.现在完成时

现在完成时由“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)”构成。

用法:

(1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

I have just finished my homework.

我刚刚做完了我的家庭作业。

(2)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,有时无时间状语,有时和一些表示从过去某时刻到现在这段时间的时间状语连用,如:so far, by now, up to now, ever,yet等。

Have you ever read that story.

你读过那个故事书吗?

(3)表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语,如:since, for two months等。

We have lived here for five years..我们在这里住了5年了。

9.过去完成时

过去完成时由“主语+had+动词的过去分词”构成。

用法:

(1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用before, by等借此短语或一个由until, when, after, once, as soon as引导的时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可以通过上下文来表示。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。

(3)用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。

(4)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。

 

10.将来完成时

表示在现在看来到将来某个时间某个动作将要完成,构成形式是:shall/will have done,具有一般将来时和现在完成时两者的特点。

By this summer we’ll have been here for five years.

到今年夏天,我们在这里就满5年了。

 

11.现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由“have/has been+doing”构成。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have.

用法:

(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,该动作可能刚停止,可能仍然继续进行下去,常与延续性动词 连用,并常和all the time, this week, this month, recently等状语以及since 和for 引导的状语连用。

(2)表示动作刚刚结束。

Sorry, I’m late. How long have you been waiting for me?

对不起,我迟到了。你等我多长时间了?

(3)表示近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作。

You have been saying that for 5 years.

这话你已经说了5年了。

(4)表达较重的感情色彩。

What have you been doing to my dictionary ?

看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了?

 

12.过去完成进行时

表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始,到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束,前提是有特定的过去时间状语,同时也强调了动作的持续性。在具体理解时可以参照现在完成进行时。构成形式是:had been doing.

He was tired. He had been working since dawn,. 他很累,天亮起他就一直在工作。


 

考点10:主谓一致

主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则。

一、名词作主语时的主谓一致

1.  集体名词作主语若强调整体,谓语动词用单数;若突出个体,谓语动词用复数。常见的这类名词有:family, group, class, army, enemy等。

注意:people, police, youth等作主语,谓语动词常用复数。

The police have caught the thieves.警察抓住了盗贼。

2. 单、复数同形的名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数,根据意义来定。

3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的词语作主语,通常被看做一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

 

二、并列主语的主谓一致

1. and 连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式,但在下列情况下用单数:

(1)and 连接的并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念。

The English teacher and headteacher is a young man.

英语老师兼班主任是一位年轻人。

(2)and 连接的并列名词有each, every, no 或many a 等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

在我们国家每一个孩子,不管男女,都有受教育的权利。

2.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则,即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。

Either he or I am wrong.

不是他错就是我错。

3.两个主语由as well as, rather than, but, together with, along with, except, besides等连接时,谓语动词的数与最前面的主语保持一致。

The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.

老师和学生都看过这部电影。

 

三、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致

“the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有:the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the aged, the living, the French等

 

四、不定式、动名词和名词从句作主语时的主谓一致。

不定式、动名词和句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

To become doctors is their ambition .

当医生是他们的志愿。 

 


词汇与语法部分总共15道题,共22.5分。主要考察固定搭配和词义辨析和动词时态方面。

历年真题:

考查固定搭配

1. Jonathan and Joe left the house to go for_____ after supper.( D )

A.Walk B. the walk     C. walks D. a walk

解析:晚饭后,乔纳森和乔离开了房子去散步。go for a walk是固定用法,意为“出去走走,去散步”,与take a walk 同义。

2.As a child I used to wash my parents’ car to earn some____ money.( D )

A.paper B.easy C. private D.pocket

解析:在我还是小孩子的时候我就常常清洗我父母的汽车来挣点零花钱。Pocket money意为“零花钱”,符合题意。paper money 纸币;easy 容易的;private私人的。

3.Who should be responsible ______the accident? ( D )

A.at B. of C.with D.for

解析:谁应该为这起事故负责?be responsible for意为“对......负责”,符合题意。

4.I feel very excited_ the thought of joining my family in a week..

A.on

B.for

C.at

D.in

解析:一想到一周后就能和家人在一起,我就很激动。 be excited at sth.意为“对某事感到兴奋”,故选C

5.1 did not do well on the writing exam, for the topic to write on was unfamiliar____me.( A)

A. To   B. for    C. with    D. about

解析:我在写作考试中没考好,因为写作主题不是我熟悉的。Be unfamiliar to sb.为固定短语, 意为“对…..来说不熟悉”,故选A。

6. Peter would____stay at home watching TV than go shopping with his mom. (    )

A. Rather  B. quite  C. better  D. still

解析:皮特宁愿待在家看电视也不愿和他妈妈一起去购物。would rather do sth.than do sth.为固定搭配,意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”,故选A

 

 

考查词义辨析

形容词词义辨析

1.After the busy day I’ve had, I need a _____drink. ( )

A. heavy B.sharp C.strong D.powerful

解析:忙碌了一天后,我需要一杯烈性酒。Strong(饮料等)浓的,烈性的;strong drink意为“烈性酒”,符合题意。heavy沉重的;sharp锋利的;powerful强有力的。

2.John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages_____in the dictionary. (  )

A. lacking B.losing C.missing D.dropping

解析:约翰向书店老板投诉,说字典中缺少了好几页。missing意为“缺失的”,符合题意。lacking缺乏的;losing失败的;dropping掉落的。

3.When I am confronted with such questions, my mind goes______, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth. (  )

A. faint B. blank C.dark D.blind

解析:当我遇到这些问题时,我头脑一片空白,我甚至记不起自己的生日。One’s mind goes blank是固定表达,意为“头脑一片空白”。faint模糊的;dark黑暗的;blind盲目的。

4. Please make sure that your name is entered in the____space when you fill out this form.

A. vacant    B.bare    C. blank    D. empty  ( )

解析:当你填写这张表格时,请确保你的名字填在空白区。vacant意为“空虚的”, bare意为“赤裸的, 空的”, blank意为“空白的”, empty意为“空的”。blank space意为“空白区”, 故选C。

5. Reading aloud every day can be one of the most____ways to improve your spoken English.

A. Evident    B. effective    C. favorite    D. favorable

解析:每天大声朗读是提升英语口语最有效的方法之一。evident意为“显然的”, effective意为“有效的”, favorite意为“最喜欢的”, favorable意为“有利的”。结合句意, 故选B。

 

 

动词词义辨析

1.If they are willing to lend us the money we need, all our problems will be_____( ).

A. solved B.caused C.covered D.met

解析:如果他们愿意借给我们那笔我们需要的钱的话,我们的一切问题都将迎刃而解。Solve problems 为固定表达,意为“解决问题”。caused 引起; covered 覆盖;met遇到。

2.You should learn through failures, why don’t you______your plan or try a new approach? ( A)

A. adjust B.repeat C.accept D.refuse

解析:你应该从失败中吸取教训。为什么不调整你的计划或尝试一种新的方法呢?adjust调整;repeat 重复;accept接受;refuse拒接。

动词词组辨析

1.The article_____more attention to the problem of cultural conflicts. (  )

A.cares for         B.allows for       

C.applies for         D.calls for

解析:这篇文章呼吁人们多关注文化冲突的问题。calls for意为”呼吁,提倡”,符合题意。cares for 关心,照顾;allows for 考虑到;applies for申请,请求。

2.We had a long way to go so we decided to____early. (  )

A.set on          B.put on       

C.set off        D.put off

解析:有很长的一段路要走,所以我们决定早点出发。set on袭击;put on穿上;set off出发,起身; put off推迟。

3.The pianist didn’t ____until the last minute before the concert. (  )

A.turn up        B.turn out       

C.turn off         D.turn on

解析:这个钢琴家直到音乐会开始前最后一分钟才出现。turn up 出现; turn out关掉;turn off关掉,完成; turn on打开。

 

考查连词用法

1.You’d better take these documents with you_______you need them for the meeting,.( )

A.unless         B.in case        

C.until          D.so that

解析:你最好带上这些文件,以防会议中你会用到。In case可引导目的状语从句,意为“以防,以备”,符合题意;so that也可引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”;unless 除非;until直到。

2.______it is not his responsibility to do that, he said he would help. (  )

A. Although            B.As           

C.Since           D.Unless

解析:尽管做那件事并不是他的职责所在,他仍说他会帮忙。although 尽管,虽然,即使,表示让步;as因为,表示原因;since因为,由于,表示原因;unless除非,表示转折。

3._____my daughter reaches the age of eighteen,she can apply for a driving license. (C)

A.Unless      B.Because           C.Since             D.Once

解析: 我女儿可以申请考驾照了,因为她满18岁了。句中缺少表示原因的连词。because和since 都可以引导原因状语从句,但because一般不用于句首,故选C

4.The job applicant was worried about the interview____ he was well prepared.  ()

A.if   B. because   C. when  D. though

解析:尽管求职者准备得很充分,但他还是对面试感到担心。if意为“如果”, because意为“因为”, when意为“当…时候”, though意为“尽管”。结合句意, 故选D。

5. You' d better speak loudly at the meeing____everyone can hear you. ( )

A. except that     B. such that     C. in that     D. so that

解析:在会议上你最好讲大声点,以便每个人都可以听到你的声音。except that意为“除了…以外”, such that意为“使得, 结果是”, in that意为“因为”, so that意为“以便于, 为了”, 故选D。

 

考查动词时态

1.When John left the office, Amy_____at her desk. ( )

A.is still working              B.has still worked

C.had still worked D.was still working

解析:约翰离开办公司时,艾米仍然在工作。由时间状语when John left the office可知,谓语动词时态应为过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作,故选D.

2. I sent him the package yesterday. He_______it by now. ( )

A.might have received B.received

C.will receive D.receives

解析:我昨天把包裹发给他了,到现在他可能已经收到了。由时间状语by now及句意可知,此处应用现在完成时,且此处有猜测的含义,might可能,表示推测,故选A.

3.Since computers were introduced, they____ to be useful tools for people weak in math.( B )

A. had proved    B. have proved   C. will prove    D. are proving  

解析:考查现在完成时。

句意:自电脑问世以后,它们已被证明对数学薄弱的人们来说是有用的工具。since引导的从句中的动词为一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,故选B。

4.By the time you return in two years, your hometown will _____a new look.(A)

A. have taken on    B.take on   C. have been taken on    D. be taken on

解析:等到两年后你回来,你的家乡会呈现一种新的风貌。by the time引导状语从句时, 从句如果用一般现在时来表示将来的动作,主句用将来完成时,且这里是主动语态,故选A。

 

 

 


 

第三部分完型填空

 

“完型填空”题是综合考查学生英语能力水平的常见试题。题型为选择题,向考生提供一篇200词左右的短文,其中留出15处空白,文后为每空提供四个选项。完型填空选材广泛,难度适中,一般为记叙文、说明文和议论文。要求考生在通读全文、领会大意的基础上,根据已经掌握的词汇、语法知识并结合自己的分析判断,从所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案,使全篇成为内容连贯、没有语言错误的文章。全题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。

此类题型,涉及到的词汇量不会很复杂,如果能了解全文大概意思,结合全文大意进行选项选择,15道题,每题2分,共30分,基本都能答对6-8道,也就是能达到一半的正确率。即得15分左右。

 

1. 题型特点的命题趋势

2. (1)体裁、题材多样,考查学生涉猎各种信息的能力。

(2)侧重整体理解、考查学生快速阅读理解能力。

(3)侧重基础知识,考查学生语言知识的能力。

(4)上下文对照,考查学生捕捉关键词的能力。

(5)设置语境,考查学生的分析推理能力。

(6)结合生活,考查学生利用常识题的能力。

(7)关注连词,考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力。

 

3. 解题步骤

在做完形填空题时,通常先弄清语境,并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断,才能做出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步:

(1)通览全文,了解大意。

答题时,应先越过空档,通读全文,理顺题意,找出信息词。

(2)综合考虑,先易后难。

通览全文后,认真观察选项,仔细推敲,逐项选定。

(3)复读检验,查漏补缺。

完成所有空档后,还要再次通读全文,看看这时的短文行文是否流畅,意义是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理。

 

(历年真题)案例分析(一):

When enables some people to get big creative breakthroughs while others only get small and non-creative breakdowns, blaming themselves and society? Are some people “gifted”? Are there other factors__1__work-factors that we have more control over than we think?

While nobody can deny the__2__that some people seem to be blessed with particular creativity, research shows that anyone can___3___their chances of coming up with new and original ideas__4__they would only engage themselves more in the process of__5__. It’s the old Thomas Edison thing about “discovery___6__99 percent perspiration (汗水) and I percent inspiration.”__7____,the studies prove this: great creative breakthroughs usually happen only __8___intense periods of struggle. It is sustained effort towards a specific goal__9___eventually prepares for great creative insights.

This kind of sustained effort does not always__10___immediate results, a fact that not only separates the innovators (革新者) from  non-innovators, but__11__leads some people to conclude that it is just not _12___for them.‘’Maybe I should have gone to medical school like my mother wanted.” they wonder when the breakthrough is__13__to be found.Alas, one forgets during their inevitable encounters __14___self-doubt, that the big surprise is never__15___.Indeed, it can happen at any time and place.

 

1.A.to              B.in             C.at             D.by

2.A.issue           B.problem        C.reason         D.fact

3.A.miss            B.reduce         C.increase        D.lose

4.A.because         B.if              C.while            D.whether

5.A.creation         B.practice        C.production      D.achievement

6.A.being           B.be             C.was            D.were

7.A.Sooner or later B.Some day or other

C.Every now and then D.Time and again

8.A.beyond          B.after            C.above         D.through

9.A.that              B.who            C.what         D.as

10.A.create           B.produce         C.inspire         D.encourage

11.A.too             B.once            C.again          D.also

12.A.good            B.difficult          C.possible        D.stupid

13.A.anywhere      B.everywhere          C.somewhere      D.nowhere

14.A.against        B.across               C.with            D.into

15.A.far away      B.used up              C.cleared off       D.near by

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

答案解析:

1.C. 考查固定搭配题。此处表示”是否还有其他因素在起作用“,at work意为”(因素)在起作用“,符合题意。

2.D.词义辨析题。空格后that 引导的同位语从句意为”一些人似乎被赋予了特殊的创造力”,这是一个客观事实,fact意为”事实“,符合题意。issue发行,议题;problem问题;reason原因。

3.C.词义辨析题。由前一句中的转折连词while可知,该句与上句应是转折关系,上句说”虽然一些人似乎被赋予了特殊的创造力“,所以此处应表示”但是研究表明任何人都能增加他们想出新点子的机会“,increase意为”增加“,符合题意。Miss 错过;reduce减少;lose失去。

4.B.理解推断题。前文说”研究表明任何人都能增加他们想出新点子的机会“,此处应指增加这种机会应具备的条件,故应选if,引导条件状语从句。

5.A.词义辨析题。此处表示增加想出新点子的机会的条件,所以”如果在创造的过程中全身心投入,不断尝试的话“,就会增加想出新点子的机会。Creation意为”创造“,符合题意。Practice实践;production 生产;achievement成就。

6.A.语法结构题。此处意为”探索就是99%的汗水加1%的灵感“。引号中的内容位于介词about之后,故本空应填be动词的非谓语形式,故选A.

7.D.理解推断题。根据空格后的great creative break-throughs, intense periods of struggle 可知,此处表示的观点与前文一致,即研究一次又一次证明创造力离不开艰苦奋斗。time and again意为”屡次,再三“,符合题意。Sooner or later迟早;some day or other 总有一天;every now and then不时地,常常。

8.B.理解推断题。此处表示”伟大的创造性突破往往在长期的艰苦奋斗后才会出现“,故选B。

9.A.语法结构题。本句是一个强调句,意为“正是朝一个特定目标坚持不懈的努力为伟大的创新洞察力奠定了基础”。强调句的常用结构为“It is (was )+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who/that...”,此处强调的是 sustained effort towards a specific goal, 故应填that.

10.B.词义辨析题。此处意为“这种坚持不懈的努力不一定总是立即有成效”,produce 意为“产生”,符合题意。Creat创造; inspire鼓舞;encourage鼓励。

11.D.固定搭配题。 not only...but also...为固定用法,意为“不仅...而且...”。

12.C.词义辨析题。前文说“这种坚持不懈的努力不一定总是立即有成效”,所以这一事实会导致有些人认为他们是不可能取得创造性突破的。Possible意为“可能的”,符合题意。good好的;difficult困难的;stupid愚蠢的。

13.D.词义辨析题。此处表示“当没有发现任何突破时,他们会感到怀疑”。Nowhere意为“任何地方都没有”,符合题意。anywhere任何地方;everywhere 到处;somewhere在某处。

14.C.固定搭配题。此处表示“与自我怀疑的不可避免的邂逅”,encounter with 表示“遭遇,遇到”,符合题意。

15.A.词义辨析题。此处表示“”巨大的惊喜一定在不远处,它可能在任何时候、任何地点发生。far away意为“遥远的”,符合题意。 used up用完,耗尽; cleared off 摆脱,清除;near by 在...附近。

 

 

 

(历年真题)案例分析(二):

 

In our online life, we need to use passwords frequently. We use passwords 1  e-mail,gaming sites, social networking sites,and other shopping sites.  2   ,the passwords most people use are not very 3   and can easily be“"broken" by others. In fact, the most commonly used passwords are so simple that it requires very 4   effort to figure them out. Can you guess 5  the most commonly used passwords are? They are: Names of baseball teams, birth dates of a farmily 6 ,the year of a special sports event,the random numbers like 156468,   7   the name of a friend, pet, favorite TV star, or band.

There are prograrms  8   to break into people' s online accounts. These programs are_ 9   of trying every word in the English dictionary and the dictionaries 10  many foreign languages, in their effort to break into an account._  11  can even search words backward. Some will try_ 12words or words that are followed by numbers,  13 school222. These programs can test millions of passwords in a few minutes. So, you are advised to be careful about_14  passwords so that they will be hard to break. You are also advised not to make them 15hard to remember. Meanwhile, you need to change them once in a while.

1.A.to          B. with        C.by          D. for

2. A. However   B. Therefore   C. Moreover   D. Besides

3. A. natural   B. safe        C. strange    D. clear

4. A. minor     B. small       C. lttle      D. tiny

5. A. what      B. who         C. where      D. which

6. A. figure    B. member      C. creature   D. character

7. A. as close as   B. as good as   C.as dear as  D.as well as

8. A. formed        B. shaped       C. composed   D. designed

9. A. typical       B. capable      C. sure       D. true

10. A. from         B. with         C.of          D. for

11. A. They         B.It            C. That       D. Those

12. A. added        B. gathered     C. combined  D. collected

13. A. such as      B. except for   C. as for     D. as of

14. A. locating     B. searching    C. choosing   D. tracking

15. A. rather       B. too          C. far        D. enough

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.【答案】D

【考情点拨】介词辨析题。

【应试指导】空格处的句子所要表达的意思是“将密码用于邮箱、游戏网站等”, use...for意为“用于”, 故选D。

2.【答案】A

【考情点拨】理解判断题。

【应试指导】前一句讲到人们将密码用于很多地方,后面讲到密码很容易被他人破解,前后为转折关系,故选A

3.【答案】B

【考情点拨】理解判断题。

【应试指导】空格后讲到密码很容易被他人破解,所以很多人使用的密码是不安全的,故选B。

4.【答案】C

【考情点拨】形容词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:事实上,大多数人使用的密码非常简单,几乎不需要花费什么力气就可以弄清楚。minor意为“次要的, 较小的”, small意为“小的”, little意为“很少的”, tiny意为“微小的”, very little effort意为“很少的努力,几乎不花费力气”,故选C。

5.【答案】A

【考情点拨】引导词辨析题。

【应试指导】分析句子可知,空格处引导的是一个宾语从句,空格处缺少引导宾语从句的连接词,且在句子中作主语,结合句意可知,这里问的是“最常使用的密码是什么”,故选A。

6.【答案】B

【考情点拨】名词辨析题。

【应试指导】根据上下文可知,这里指的是“家庭成员的出生日期”。f gure意为“人物”, member意为“成员”,creature意为“生物”, character意为“性格”, 故选B。

7.【答案】D

【考情点拨】短语辨析题。

【应试指导】根据上下文可知,这里指的是“还有朋友、宠物、电影明星等的名宇”。as well as意为“还有”, 符合题意,故选D。

8.【答案】D

【考情点拨】动词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:设计的这些程序可以侵入他人的在线账户。formed意为“形成”, shaped意为“塑造”, composed意为“组成”, designed意为“设计”, 故选D。

9.【答案】B

【考情点拨】固定搭配题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:这些程序能够把英语词典中的每个词都试一下。be capable of意为“能够”, 故选B。

10.【答案】C

【考情点拨】介词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:这些程序能够把英语词典和许多其他外语词兴中的每个词都试一下。of表所属,意为“......的”,故选C。

11.【答案】A

【考情点拨】理解判断题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:它们甚至可以反向搜索单词。分析句子可知,这里的主语指的是“programs”, 所以应用they, 故选A。

12.【答案】C

【考情点拨】形容词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:有些人会尝试组合单词或数宇后紧跟单词。added意为“增加的”, gathered意为“聚集的”, combined意为“组合的”, collected意为“收集的”。结合句意, 故选C。

13.【答案】A

【考情点拨】短语辨析题。

【应试指导】空格后是对前面内容的举例说明,such as意为“例如”, 故选A。

14.【答案】C

【考情点拨】词义辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:你应该谨慎设置密码。choose passwords意为“设置密码”, 故选C。

15.【答案】B

【考情点拨】固定搭配题。

【应试指导】本句句意为:你也不能把密码设置得太难,以免忘记。too...to...意为“太……以至于不能……”,

故选B。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

历年真题(案例三)

The destruction of habitats(栖息地)all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct(灭绝)or endangered.Houses,highways,dams,industrial buildings,and ever-spreading farms now dominate 1 formerly occupied by forests,deserts,and wetlands. 2the beginning of European settlement in America,3,over 65,000,000 acres of wetlands have been drained.One million acres alone vanished41985 and 1995.

Habitat destruction can be 5 or it can be subtle,occurring over a 6 period of time without being noticed.7 such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff from farms,can change the 8and quantity of water in streams and rivers.To9living in a delicately balanced habitat,this disturbance can be as10 as the clear-cutting of a rainforest.

11 remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or is lands,remaining species are forced to exist in these12 areas,which causes further habitat 13 .These species become less adaptable to environmental14;in fact,they become 15 endangered.Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by 90%,one-half of its plants,animals and insects will become extinct.

 

1.A.landscapes     B.cities    C.maps  D.pictures

2.A.At             B.Before    C.After  D.Since

3.A.for example     B.in addition    C.at last  D.after all

4.A.both         B.in        C.between     D.before

5.A.simple         B.beneficial    C.interesting D.obvious

6.A.long         B.short        C.happy  D.sad

7.A.Construction    B.Pollution        C.Farming  D.Living

8.A.amount         B.purity    C.nature  D.quality

9.A.people         B.species    C.plants  D.insects

10.A.effective     B.small        C.fatal  D.surprising

11.A.How         B.Whether    C.Before  D.As

12.A.crowded     B.extensive    C.large  D.bare

13.A.reform         B.destruction    C.support  D.discovery

14.A.improvements B.changes    C.protection  D.development

15.A.even         B.far        C.more  D.less



 

1.答案A

[考情点拨]   词义辨析题。

应试指导   空格后所说的森林、沙漠和湿地都是陆地上的风景、风貌,这里是说森林、沙漠和湿地都被房屋、公路、水坝、工业建筑、农场代替了。landscapes有“风景”的意思,符合题意。cities意为“城市”,maps意为“地图”,pictures意为“图画,照片”。

2.答案C

[考情点拨]介词辨析题。

(应试指导  本句句意为:欧洲人开始在美国定居后,超过6500多万英亩的湿地变干。表示“在之后”用after,故选C.

3.答案A

[考情点拨]短语辨析题。

[应试指导   前一句讲到湿地被房屋等替代,后一句讲到欧洲殖民对湿地的破坏,这是对前一句的举例说明。for example意为“例如”,符合题意。in addition意为“此外”,at last意为“结果,终于”,after all意为“毕竟”。

4.答案C

[考情点拨]固定搭配题。

[应试指导   空格之后的两个年份之间有and,所以前面要用between,between...and表示“在····之间”。

5.答案  D

6.[考情点拨]理解判断题。

应试指导   前文提到栖息地的破坏是明显的或者是微妙的,即可能很长时间其变化都没有被注意到。a long period表示“很长一段时间”,故选A.

7.答案B

考情点拨 词义辨析题。

应试指导  城市污水和从田地流出来的化学药物都属于污染,pollution意为“污染”,符合题意,

故选B.construction意为“建造”,farming意为“耕作”,living意为“生活”.

8.答案D

考情点拨 词义辨析题。

应试指导  此处意为:从城市和田地流出的污染物改变了河水的质量和流量。quality and quality意为“质量和数量”,故选D.

9.答案B

考情点拨 理解判断题。

应试指导   此处意为:对生存在这样处于微妙平衡的环境中的物种来说,这样的干扰就像砍光雨林一样致命。 本句强调的是环境的改变对物种的影响,前后文中也多次出现species,故选B。

10.答案C

考情点拨 词义辨析题。

应试指导  effective意为“有效的”,small意为“小的”,fatal意为“致命的”,surprising意为“令人

吃惊的”。根据句意,故选Co

11.答案D

考情点拨  理解判断题。

应试指导   剩余的栖息地被分割成越来越小的区域或岛屿,与后文中物种生存在拥挤的地方是因果关系,所以要用引导原因状语的连词,as有“由于,因为”的意思,故选D。

12.(答案A

考情点拨  理解判断题。

应试指导   栖息地越来越小,生存的空间也会变得越来越拥挤,crowed意为“拥挤的”,符合题意。extensive意为“广泛的”,large意为“大的”,bare意为“荒芜的”.

13.答案B

考情点拨 词义辨析题。

[应试指导]此处意为:物种被迫生活在拥挤的地方,这会进一步导致栖息地的破坏。destruction意为“破坏”,符合句意。reform意为“改革”,support意为“支持”,discovery意为“发现".

14.答案B

考情点拨 词义辨析题。

[应试指导]   此处意为:这些物种越来越不适应环境的变化,这里是指栖息地被破坏后的变化。change意为“变化",符合语境o improvements总为“改善",protection意保护”,development意为“发展”,都是指好的方向,不符合语境。

15.答案 C

考情点拨  词义辨析题。

应试指导 环境越来越糟,使这些物种的处境更加危险。more放在形容词前表示“更··.",故选C。


 

第四部分阅读理解

 

阅读理解,总共20小题,共60分。每个短文一般3-4个小问,带着问题到文章中找答案,基本上都可以在相应的段落里找到答案。做阅读理解要注意故事的情节,一些细节,及前后的推断总结。一般做对8-10题是不难的,大概能得30分左右。下面我们会总结阅读理解常见的一些体裁,相应的特点和解题技巧。认真学习,可以再多增加个10分左右的得分点。

阅读理解题是考查学生综合运用所学词汇和语法知识获取信息能力的重要试题。题型为选择题,有三到四篇短文,总阅读量不少于1000个词。体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文等,每篇短文后皆有数量不等的问题或不完整的句子,要求考生在仔细阅读短文后,从每个问题或不完整的句子下面的四个选项中,选出可以用来回答问题或补全句子的最佳答案。要求考生读完短文后,能掌握每篇短文的主旨大意、主要事实、有关细节及上下文的逻辑关系。

不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧

(1)记叙文

记叙文可分为传记类和故事类。

传记类文章在阅读时“时间”是贯穿全文的关键,根据“时间”我们可以找到相关的事件,抓住文章的主要内容。

故事类文章,情节较强,阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件,这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息,对于准确理解文章十分重要。

 

(2)说明文

说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果等进行介绍、解释或阐述的文章。把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多,主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数子法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。

 

(3)应用文

应用文涉及的范围比较广,包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁,省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章提供的信息,并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。

 

(历年真题)案例分析一:

We all love a hero,and rescue dogs are some of the biggest heroes of all.You will often find them going above and beyond duty to save someone,risking-and at times losing-their lives in the process.

Rescue dogs are generally found in the Sporting and Hunting Groups,or from the traditional Herding Group.These types include the Bloodhound,Labrador Labrador Retriever,Newfoundland,German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, and Belgian Malinois-all of which are chosen for search-and-rescue duty because of their amazing physical strength,loyalty,and their tendency for mental stability.

These types also have a keen sense of hearing and smell-to better locate lost individuals-and are often able to access hard-to-reach areas. As highly trained animals,they serve in many different fields, including specialist search,snow slide rescue,dead body location,and tracking.

To overcome obstacles and succeed when performing the demanding duties of a search-and-rescue worker,a dog must display certain qualities. In addition to intelligence and strength,the dog must be swift, confident,easily trainable,adaptable,and have a high level of stamina (耐力)and endurance.A strong sense of group cooperation and an ability to engage in friendly play during"down"time is also required of search-and-rescue dogs.

A rescue dog goes through many,many hours of intensive training to be fit for duty.Training is not for the faint-hearted.Certification training can take from two to three years,working three to four hours a day,three to six days a week,often in group,team-oriented sessions.

Each search-and-rescue field requires different types of training. Rescue training,for instance, includes"air scenting"-where dogs are trained to smell the air for the victim's scent(气味) and then follow the scent to the person.This ability is crucial to finding victims trapped under collapsed buildings and snow slide.

 

1.Rescue dogs are chosen probably because__________.

A.they are loyal

B.they are brave

C.they have amazing appearances

D.they have good eyesight

2.What does"faint-hearted " in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Courageous.

B.Cowardly.

C.Energetic.

D.Slow.

3.Which ability is most important for dogs to rescue people trapped in snow?

A.Sharp hearing.

B.Swift movement.

C.Extraordinary smelling.

D.A strong memory.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Selection process of rescue dogs.   

B.Qualities and training of rescue dogs.

C.Risks rescue dogs are faced with.    

D.Types of tasks rescue dogs can perform.

 

答案与解析:

1.A.事实细节题。由第二段最后一句“all of which are chosen for...loyalty, and their tendency for mental stability”可知,挑选搜救犬的条件是强壮的体格、忠诚、心理稳定程度,故选A.

 

2.B.词义理解题。第五段主要描述搜救犬需要经过长期艰苦训练,所以这种训练应该不适合懦弱胆小者,只有顽强的搜救犬才能坚持下来。由此推测,faint-hearted应指“懦弱的”,故选B.

 

3.C.推理判断题。由第六段最后两句可知,搜救训练的一项内容是让搜救犬去嗅空气中受害者的气味,这项能力对发现被困在坍塌建筑物和雪崩中的受害者至关重要。由此可推断,在搜救被困在雪里的受害者时,搜救犬及其敏锐的嗅觉是最重要的。故选C.

 

4. B.主旨大意题。文章第二、三、四段主要讲搜救犬需要具备的能力和条件,第五、六段讲搜救犬的训练,所以这篇文章的主题是搜救犬的本领和训练,故选B.

 (历年真题)案例分析二:

As recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to pay for what they bought.Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be ashamed of.Good citizens,they believed,always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.Today,however,all that has changed.Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a way of life in the United States.More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture.Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant dinner,a hotel room or an airline trip.And there are some situations in which Americans must have

credit cards.If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card.That number is considered a guarantee that they will return the car and pay for using it.Credit cards offer two major services to Americans.First of all,they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money.Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediate pleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time.With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them.And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice.They can pay all of what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between 5 and 10 percent of what they owe.

1.What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the passage?

A.They consider it valuable.d

B.They regard it as a shame.

C.They think it dangerous.

D.They find .it quite convenient.

2.Why does the car rental company ask for the credit card number?

A.To prevent the overuse of the car.

B.To make sure that the car won't be damaged.

C.To make sure the user return the car and pay for using it.

D.To ensure that the car is safely and timely returned.

3.What advantage can credit card holders have?

A.They can choose not to pay for their purchases.

B.They can easily borrow money at a lower interest.

C.They can own something before they actually pay for it.

D.They can pay only a small amount of what they owe.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Credit-a Way of Life in America

B.Credit Services in America

C.Convenience of Living in America

D.History of Credit Cards in America

1.答案D

考情点拨推理判断题。

【应试指导】文章第一段写以前美国人对信用卡的看法很不好,第二段写如今人们的态度发生了改变,越来越多的人使用信用卡,有了信用卡生活更方便,故选D.

2.答案C

考情点拨 事实细节题。

【应试指导】根据文章第二段最后两句可知,汽车出租商要信用卡卡号是为了确保租车人会归还汽车并付费,故选C

3.答案C

考情点拨 事实细节题。

【应试指导】  由文章第三段第三句“they permitpeople to borrow...for it at the time”可知,即使目前不能支付得起,人们仍然可以提前拥有某样东西,故选C。

4.答案A

考情点拨 主旨大意题。

【应试指导】   整篇文章讲的是美国人对使用信用卡的态度和信用卡的使用对美国人生活的影响,所以“信用消费一一美国的一种生活方式”最能概括全文,故选A

(历年真题)案例分析三:

At the 1893 Columbian Exposition,a World Fair held in Chicago,chocolate-making machinery made in Germany was displayed.It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate.He installed chocolate machinery in his factory in Lancaster,and produced his first chocolate bars in 1894.

Other Americans began mixing in other materials to make up new candy bars throughout the end of the 1890's and the early 1900's.But it was World War l that really brought attention to the candy bar.

The U.S.ArmyQuartermaster Corps requested various American chocolate manufacturers to provide 20 to 40 pound blocks of chocolate to be shipped to quartermaster bases.The blocks were cut into smaller pieces and distributed to American soldiers in Europe.Eventually the task of making smaller pieces was turned back to the manufacturers.By the end of the war when the soldiers arrived home,the American candy bar business was assured.Why?Because the returning soldiers had grown fond of chocolate candy and wanted more of the same.As a result,from that time on and through the 1920's,candy bar manufacturers became established throughout the United States,and as many as 40,000 different candy bars appeared on the scene.

The original candy bar industry had its start on the eastern coast in such cities as Philadelphia,

Boston,and New York.The industry soon spread to the Midwest because shipping and raw materials such as sugar,corn syrup,and milk were easily available.Chicago became the seat of the candy bar industry and is even today an important base.

1.Why did M.S.Hershey start the production of chocolate bars?

A.He was deeply impressed by the Columbian Exposition.

B.He realized that it was possible for chocolate to become popular.

C.There was nothing to produce in his factory in Lancaster.

D.He was interested in the chocolate machinery displayed at the fair.

2.Which event brought the booming of American candy bar business?

A.The adding of new materials.

B.The demand in the army during WWI.

C.The purchase of new machines.

D.The appearance of smaller candy bars.

3.What does the underlined word "seat”in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A.Focus.

B.Position.

C.Chair.

D.Center.

4.What is this passage mainly about?

A.A World Fair held in Chicago in 1893.

B.The popularity of the American candy bar industry.

C.The candy bar industry during World War I.

D.The spread of the candy bar business to the Midwest.

 

1.答案B

考情点拨 事实细节题。

【应试指导】  由文章第一段第二句“It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate"可知,M.S.Hershey开始生产巧克力龙因为看到了它的潜力,故选B.

2.答案B

考情点拨 事实细节题。

【应试指导】  由文章第二段第二句“But it was World War I that really brought attention to the candy bar."可知,是第一次世界大战让糖块的生产迅速发展,故选B

3.答案D

考情点拨 词义判断题。

【应试指导】   文章第四段讲的是生产糖块的主要城市,介绍了其优势条件,最后一句强调了芝加哥是糖块生产的重要基地,结合上下文可知,seat意为“中心,基地”。center意为“中心”,符合题意,故选D。

4.答案B

考情点拨 主旨大意题。

【应试指导】   本文讲了美国糖块生产的发展,时间跨度从一战前到一战中,再到一战后,空间跨度从美国东部到中西部,整个过程中糖块越来越受欢迎,所以本文主要讲的是美国糖块产业的普及。

(历年真题)案例分析四:

Sound sleep occurs when one s internal clock is regulated. Circadian rhythms (生理节奏) can become compromised quite easily. Many people with sleep troubles tend to vary bedtimes. To avoid this common problem, sleep sufferers should go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.To help improve circadian rhythms ,sufferers should enjoy 15 minutes of sun exposure the first thing in the morning.

A bedtime routine can help prevent insomnia (失眠). One hour before be time, one should lower the lights and relax. Reading a book or listening to calm music can help prepare the body for a night's seep. Taking a warm, candlelit bath or drinking a cup of warm milk can also help you prepare for deep sleep at night.

Stress can have a bad effect on the body and the ability to seep. A daily exercise routine can help lower the body' s stress naturally. One can also manage stress by writing diaries. Writing diaries can help people express their anxieties, plan for the future and improve sleep. Other ways to lower stress include deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.

The light sending out from computers, cellphones, tablets and televisions can cause sleep problems. Therefore, these items should be turned off at least an hour before bedtime. Additionally ,lowering the backlight on these electronic devices earlier in the evening can help you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer once bedtime arrives.

A perfect bedroom invites sweet sleep. Most people sleep better in a cool, dark, and quiet room.Lower the temperature in the room to 16 ~ 20 degrees for a peaceful night's sleep.A dark room can be accomplished by installing light blocking curtains or wearing a sleep mask. Noise can be reduced with either earplugs or a white noise machine. Finally, a comfortable mattress (床垫) and pillows are essential to a good night's sleep.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to get a sound sleep.         B. How to lower body stress

C. How to regulate internal clocks.  D. How to manage anxieties.

2. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following may lead to insomnia?

A. Reading a book for relaxation before bedtime.

B. Lowering lights one hour before bedtime.

C. Drinking some warm milk before bedtime.

D. Listening to rock music before bedtime.

3. What can be done to reduce stress?

A. Doing exercise every day

B. Making plans for the future.

C. Writing about your sleep patterns.

D. Learning to hold your breath.

4. What is the perfect condition for sleep?

A. A quiet room with flashing lights.

B. A bright room with white curtains.

C. A cool room with comfortable pillows.

D. A dark room with electronic devices.

1.【答案】A

【考情点拨】主旨大意题。

【应试指导】整篇文章讲的是应对失眠、减少压力的办法及如何营造好的睡眠环境,目的都是拥有一个好的睡眠,故选A。

2.【答案】D

【考情点拨】事实细节题。

【应试指导】文章第二段提到,一些睡前习惯可以防止失眠,比如睡前1小时降低灯的亮度,读一小会儿书或者听一些安静的音乐,也可以睡前喝一杯温牛奶,故选D。

3.【答案】A

【考情点拨】事实细节题。

【应试指导】文章第三段第二句提到,日常锻炼可以减少身体的压力,故选A。

4.【答案】C

【考情点拨】事实细节题

【应试指导】文章最后一段提到,一个完美的卧室有利于睡眠,比如凉爽、黑暗、安静的卧室,安装遮光窗帘,戴眼罩、耳塞或白色噪音机,用舒适的床垫和枕头,故选C。

 

 

第五部分补全对话

 

“补全对话”共设5个小题,每小题3分,共15分。这部分有一段对话,要求考生在理解对话的基础上,从给出的八个选项中选出5个符合语境的最佳答案。该题型一般情景较简单,日常学习中多积累一些交际用语,本题就没问题,一般能得10分左右。

补全对话部分考题,主要考查考生对日常生活会话中包括学习、娱乐、购物、问候、介绍、告别、邀请、道歉等话题的表达方法,熟练应用的能力,以使考生达到学以致用的要求。解这类题型,考生应能够通过分析、判断、推理等方法从所给选项中选出适合其场景的最佳答案。

 

解题方法:

1.通读对话全文,弄清楚整个对话发生的地点、时间、人物身份以及对话的内容。、

2.理清上下句的逻辑关系,使填入的话和整篇对话文理通顺,融为一体。答题时,依据语言环境补全对话,逐句推敲。

3.符合说英语国家人的习惯。注意口语交际中的一些习惯用语,特别是汉语和英语表达方式的不同,要认真通读对话。

4.应将一些常见情景下经常运用的词组、句型背熟。

5.注意留白处的标点。是句号,就应填问句;是句号,就应填陈述句。

 

(历年真题)案例分析一:

A.Can I speak to Mr.Johnson,please

B.I'll tell him you've called

C.I'll give him the message

D.What can I do for you

E.Can you tell him that we can meet tomorrow afternoon in my office

F.Can I take a message

G.Can you ask him to call me back as soon as possible

H.That's right

Woman:Hello,Mr. Johnson's office.

Man:Good morning.  1   ?

Woman:Sorry,he's in a meeting at the moment. 2   ?

Man:Yes.This is Steve Lee from Brightlight Systems.    3   ?

Woman:Tomorrow afternoon in your office.

Man:  4    .

Woman:Okay.   5  . 

Man:Thank you.

 

参考答案:1.A   2.F   3.E   4.H     5.C

 

(历年真题)案例分析二:

A. Sounds great! B. This is our first trip here.

C. When shall we set off? D. Could you recommend some places for us?

E. You are welcome.     F. What could I get?

G. Have great fun. H. Is there anything interesting there?

Receptionist: Good morning!

Mr. Smith: Good morning! Today we are free for sightseeing. 1  

Receptionist: Okay. Have you ever been here before?

Mr. Smith: No. 2  

Receptionist: Then, I suggest that you visit the Ancient Cultural Street.

Mr. Smith: 3  

Receptionist: Yes. The architecture is wonderful. It represents the folk style of the Qing Dynasty.

Mr. Smith: 4  Thank you very much.

Receptionist: 5   Have a good time!

参考答案

1.【答案】D

2.【答案】B

3.【答案】H

4.【答案】A

5.【答案】E

 

 

第六部分书面表达

 

书面表达满分30分,如果将所给的作文内容概要进行大致的翻译,句子完整,书写规范,本篇作文,一般能得20分以上。最基本做到简要翻译了部分内容,字数凑足,考前背一背范文,一般至少能得10分以上。

“书面表达”题是考查学生能否运用所学到的知识和所掌握的技能来表达思想的试题。一般为命题式作文而非自由作文,要求考生根据所给情境用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。提供的情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。注意,考生要按题目要求的体裁来写作。本题满分为30分。

1. 书面表达的解题指导

(1)认真审题。

(2)列出要点。

(3)组句成文。

(4)仔细检查。

 

2. 书面表达的注意事项

(1)格式正确。考试体裁中主要考通知、日记和书信。

(2)内容完整。“书面表达”内容要覆盖情景所提供的全部要点。

(3)表达得体。语言要符合英语表达习惯,基本没有语法结构和词汇的错误。

(4)书写规范。书写工整,正确使用大小写和标点符号。

(5)长度适当。大纲要求词数为100左右。

 

(历年真题)

你(Li Yuan)在英语学习中遇到了一些困难,希望得到帮助。请给你的英国笔友 (Jason)写封信,内容包括:

 ·介绍你学习英语的经历;

 ·描述你在英语学习中遇到的困难;

·希望笔友给你一些建议。

                                                       Yours,

                                                        Li  Yuan


 

参考答案:

Dear Jason,

I am a high school student and now I am going to take the College Entrance Examination. I am writing to you about my difficulties in learning English. In fact, I do well in other subjects, but English is my headache. I can't remember the new words and expressions I learned in class. So I often make a lot of mistakes in multiple choices and can't understand the articles fully because of my poor vocabulary. What's worse, I have trouble in listening to English. I totally can't understand what those people are talking in English. What should I do? You are an expert in teaching students English. I hope you can give me some suggestions to help me solve my problem. Looking forward to your reply.

                                                         Yours,

                                                        Li  Yuan

 

 

【英语作文万能模板】

(一)用于开头的句子

1.There are many different opinions among people as a ...,some people suggest that...

关于......人们有不同的观点。一些人认为......

2.Today... which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,...Second,...what makes things worse is that...

现在,... 它们给我们的生活带来了许多危害。首先...其次...最糟糕的是...

3.As far as ... is concerned 就...而言

4.It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...

5.It has to be noticed that...必须注意到...

6.It’s generally recognized that... 普遍认为...

7.Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比...更重要

8.There’s  no denying the fact that...不可否认...

9.As the proverb says 正如谚语所说

10.What’s far more important is that...更重要的是...

 

(二)用于衔接的句子

1.Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样,我们要注意

2.In this respect, we may as well (say )从这个角度上我们可以说

3.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…

4.In view of the present station鉴于目前形势

5.However,the difficulty lies in…然而,困难在于…

6.Further,we hold opinion that…此外,我们坚持认为,…

7.But it's a pity that…但遗憾的是…

8.As case in point is... 一个典型的例子是...

9.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore... 然而问题并非如此简单,所以...

10.For all that... 对于这一切...

(三)用语结尾的句子

1.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此,我们有理由相信...

2.Therefore, in my opinion,it’s more advisable...因此,在我看来,更可取的是...

3.All things considered 总而言之

4.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说...

5.From what had been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...通过以上结论,我们可以得出以下结论...

6.The data/statistics/figures  lead us to the conclusion that...通过数据我们得到的结论是...

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论...

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来...如果...也许更好

 

 

【相关范文】

 

一,通知类

根据提示写一份举行隔周一次的英语晚会(every-other-week Enlish evening) 的书面通知。提示:

1.时    间:11月24日,周六晚上7点。

2.地    点:2号教学楼的报告厅(lecture room)。

3.内    容:歌曲,朗诵(recitation),舞蹈,话剧等,还有美籍教师演讲。

4.目    的:提高学生英语听说能力。

5.报名地点:办公室203室,学生会(Students’ Union).

注意:

1.要点不得遗漏

2.符合书面通知的格式

3.词数为100左右。

NOTICE

In order to improve the students’ listening and speaking ability, the every-other-week English evening is to be held in the lecture room, No.2 Teaching Building , at 7:00 p.m. this Saturday, November 24th. Program includes songs, recitation, dances, plays and so on. And our English teacher from America is going to make a short speech about English study. Everyone is welcome . Those who would like to take part in it , pleasesign your names at the Students’ Union, Room 203,Office Building .

Students’ Union


二,书信类

假如你是学生李华,在家是独生子女,国家开放二孩政策后,你的父母想再生一个孩子,征求你的意见。恰好你的美国笔友Peter来信询问我国的二孩政策。请你给他回一封信。

内容要点如下:

  简单解释国家二孩政策;得知父母打算生二胎后你的想法;征求Peter的看法。

  注意:

  1. 词数100左右;

  2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 开头语已为你写好,不计入字数。

Dear Peter,

I have received your letter and I’m glad to explain to you the two-child policy in China.

The Chinese government recently plans to change the one-child policy into two-child policy, meaning that every family in China is allowed to have two children. Now my parents have made a decision to give birth to a second child, which worries me a great deal. Though it is good to have a brother or sister to grow up with, I have to share everything with him or her. Most importantly, what if the love from my parents is totally switched to the new child? As you have a younger sister, did you have similar problems? What’s your opinion about this?

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

 

三,日记类

假设你是一个农村学生,进程看到河水被严重污染,请写一篇议论污染的日记。内容。内容包括以下几点:

1. 河水颜色发黑,并发出臭味。

2. 水里没有鱼,也没人游泳。

3. 污染原因是附近的工厂往河里排放工业废水。

4. 大家应保护环境,减少污染。

注意: 1.要符合日记的格式,2.词数为100左右。

 

September 16,2012,Sunday                          

Cloudy

I went to the small city far away from village to buy some books this morning. What I saw there surprised me very much. There is a river in the city. The water in it is dark and smells terrible. It is polluted with chemical waste from factories. There are many small factories along the river. The worst one is the paper factory . It pours waste water into the river day and night. Fish can’t live in such a polluted river and neither can people swim in it. I wonder why people don’t care about our environment. We should do something to reduce pollution.

 

四:议论文

假如你是李华,你们学校就“感恩父母,从我做起”这一话题展开讨论。请你用英语写一篇短文,谈谈为什么要感恩父母,你和父母之间发生的最难忘的事以及你的感受。

注意:词数为100左右

I think it's important for us to thank our parents. Since I was born, my parents have given me all their love and care, but never expect anything in return. They havebrought me up and taken good care of me carefully and patiently.

Last year, I was chosen to take part in a speech competition. I felt very nervous. My parents tried hard to help me prepare for it. They encouraged me to be confident and told me not to care much about the result. They said the process of learning was more meaningful.

With their help, I did very well that time. I felt happy and proud. I'd like to say “Thanks a lot! You're great! I will love you forever!” to mum and dad.

 

五,邀请信类

你是Lucy, 写一封给老同学Allen 的邀请信,邀请他参加下个星期日下午4点(12月23日)的校友聚会。希望Allen 尽快回信接受邀请,以便他们及时做好安排。

 

December 16,2012

Dear Allen,

We are having all classmates for dinner at 4 p.m. next Sunday(December 23) at the hotel. There will be a big reunion. Would it be possible for you to join in it at your convenience? I hope that you will feel it worth while to accept this invitation. We haven’t seen each other for a long time and we are all anxious to have you with us.

 

We shall be very much pleased if we receive word of your acceptance in the near future , so that we can make good arrangements in time .

                                                       Yours,

                                                       Lucy

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